What does a PhD pay? Data reveal huge gaps across Europe

12 October, 2026 - Author: kmcjana

Nature, Published online: 12 October 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-03181-1

Earnings come in a combination of scholarships and salaries and vary widely between countries, an analysis by international federation Eurodoc reveals.

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What does a PhD pay? Data reveal huge gaps across Europe

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